Scientific Methodology

Computed, Not Claimed.

Every number on this platform traces to measured field data, published crop science constants, live market prices, or satellite imagery from the European Space Agency. Nothing is estimated, assumed, or adjusted without disclosure.

How We Calculate Trial Nitrogen

When you set up a trial, the platform calculates how much nitrogen to reduce on the treatment strip. This is the “Trial N” — the amount of synthetic nitrogen allocated to the strip where EL-I Tech's biological product is applied.

Trial N = max(Standard N − Soil Reduction, Minimum Floor)

Standard N is the farmer's normal application rate. Soil Reduction accounts for indigenous nitrogen release by soil type.

Soil-Type Reductions

Soil TypeReductionReasoning
Sandy−100 kg/haReleases more indigenous N
Loam−80 kg/haStandard retention
Clay−60 kg/haHigh retention — less replacement needed

Minimum Floors

Crop TypeFloorWhy
Most crops10 kg/haEnsures biology can function
Soya & legumes0 kg/haAlready fix N symbiotically

Example:

A farmer using 210 kg/ha of standard nitrogen on loam soil:

Trial N = max(210 − 80, 10) = 130 kg/ha

How We Prove Nitrogen Contribution

This is the core scientific engine. After harvest, Calculator B processes yield data from both the treatment strip (with EL-I Tech product) and the control strip (standard practice) to quantify exactly how much nitrogen the biological product contributed.

Step 1: Moisture Adjustment

Raw yield measurements are adjusted to standard moisture content so comparisons are fair regardless of when or how the grain was weighed.

Adjusted Yield = Measured Yield × (100 − Measured Moisture%) / (100 − Standard Moisture%)

Step 2: Yield Comparison

Yield Increase (kg/ha) = Treatment Yield − Control Yield
Yield Increase (%)     = (Yield Increase / Control Yield) × 100

Step 3: Nitrogen Harvested

Converts the harvested grain into the amount of nitrogen it contains. The relationship between protein content and nitrogen is a well-established agronomic constant.

N Harvested (kg/ha) = Adjusted Yield × Protein Fraction / Jones Factor

Jones Factor defaults to 6.25 for most crops, except wheat (5.70) which has a different amino acid profile.

CropProteinJones FactorStandard Moisture
Maize8.9%6.2512.5%
Wheat11.5%5.7012.5%
Soya40.0%6.2513.0%
Canola23.0%6.258.5%
Sunflower17.0%6.259.0%
Barley10.5%6.2513.0%

Step 4: EL-I Tech N Contribution

This is the number that proves biological nitrogen fixation works. It isolates the nitrogen that can only have come from EL-I Tech's product by subtracting everything else.

Soil N Implied        = Control N Harvested − Standard N Input
Expected Trial N      = Trial N Input + Soil N Implied
EL-I Tech N Contribution = max(0, Trial N Harvested − Expected Trial N)

In plain English:

We calculate how much nitrogen the soil naturally provides (from the control strip), then calculate how much the treatment strip should have harvested if it only had reduced synthetic N plus that same soil contribution. Any nitrogen above that expected amount is attributed to EL-I Tech's biological fixation.

The max(0, ...) ensures we never claim a negative contribution.

Financial Impact

N Reduction           = Standard N − Trial N (kg/ha)
Input Savings         = N Reduction × N Fertiliser Price per kg
Output Gain           = Yield Increase × Crop Price per kg
Combined Benefit      = Input Savings + Output Gain

Control Gross Margin  = (Control Yield × Crop Price) − (Standard N × N Price)
Trial Gross Margin    = (Trial Yield × Crop Price) − (Trial N × N Price)
Profit Increase (%)   = (Combined Benefit / Control Gross Margin) × 100

This is how the 15–75% revenue uplift per product line is calculated. Each trial's profit increase is computed individually from its own yield data and local commodity prices on the day of harvest.

Where We Get Crop Prices

Live commodity prices are fetched daily at 06:00 UTC from two sources:

Crop Prices

Commodities-API — CBOT futures prices for wheat, maize, soybean, and canola in USD/tonne.

Exchange Rates

Frankfurter.dev (ECB data) — USD to ZAR, CAD, AUD, NZD.

CropConversionStandard
Maize39.368 bu/tonne56 lb/bushel
Soybean36.744 bu/tonne60 lb/bushel
WheatDirect per tonne
CanolaDirect per tonne
Sunflower95% of soybean priceNo direct futures contract

Nitrogen fertiliser pricing: UAN-32 (Urea Ammonium Nitrate, 32% N content). Price per kg of pure N = UAN price per tonne / (1000 × 0.32).

How We Monitor From Space

The platform uses Sentinel-2 L2A satellite imagery (European Space Agency, free and open data, 10m resolution, 5-day revisit cycle) to track eight vegetation indices.

Biomass & Growth

IndexFormulaWhat It Measures
NDVI(NIR − Red) / (NIR + Red)Vegetation vigour and biomass
EVI2.5 × (NIR − Red) / (NIR + 6×Red − 7.5×Blue + 1)Enhanced biomass — reduces atmospheric noise
LAImax(0, min(8, 3.618 × EVI − 0.118))Leaf area per ground area

Chlorophyll & Nitrogen

IndexFormulaWhat It Measures
CIre(RedEdge3 / RedEdge1) − 1Canopy chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen
CIgreen(RedEdge3 / Green) − 1Total chlorophyll via green reflectance
NDRE(NIR − RedEdge1) / (NIR + RedEdge1)Red-edge NDVI — more sensitive at high biomass

Water & Moisture

IndexFormulaWhat It Measures
NDWI(NIR − SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)Vegetation water content
NDMI(NIR − SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)Canopy moisture stress

Unit Conversions

The platform automatically converts between metric and imperial based on your region.

MeasurementMetricImperialFactor
Area1 hectare2.471 acres× 2.47105
Weight1 kg2.205 lbs× 2.20462
Yield1 kg/ha0.892 bu/acre× 0.892179 (maize)

South Africa, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand use metric. United States uses imperial.

Source of Truth

All crop constants are maintained from EL-I Tech's Protocol Backend, authored by Gerhard Vermaak (Chief Scientist). Calculator B's methodology — particularly the N Contribution formula — is the scientific foundation of the platform, isolating biological nitrogen fixation from all other factors using standard agronomic principles.

Explore the trial results